latin: the third declension

latin: the third declension

  上午10:09    茉莉費兒里

---

第三變格和一、二不一樣的地方是，他的字尾十分"多元"(看下面的表格就知道)。例如他也有-us結尾(second declension)。所以要分辨他是第二變格還是第三變格，就只能從他的genitive(屬格)判別。

	rex, m	virtus, f.	homo, m.	corpus, n.	case endings
Base	reg-	virtut-	homin-	corpor-	m./f/	n.
Singular
Nom.	rex	virtus	homo	corpus	---	---
Gen.	reg-is	virtutis	hominis	corporis	-is	-is
Dat.	reg-i	virtuti	homini	corpori	-i	-i
Acc.	reg-em	virtutem	hominem	corpus	-em	---
Abl.	reg-e	virtute	homine	corpore	-e	-e
plural
Nom.	reg-es	virtutes	homines	corpora	-es	-a
Gen.	reg-um	virtutum	hominum	corporum	-um	-um
Dat.	reg-ibus	virtutibus	hominibus	corporibus	-ibus	-ibus
Acc.	reg-es	virtutes	homines	corpora	-es	-a
Abl.	reg-ibus	virtutibus	hominibus	corporibus	-ibus	-ibus

一些例句:

1. Secundas litteras discipulae heri videbas et de verbis tum cogitabas.

You were seeing the second letter of student yesterday and then you were thinking about the word.

2. Feminae sine mora civitatem de insidiis et exitio malo monebunt.

The women will remind the state about ambush and evil ruin without delay.

3. Rex et regina igitur cras non audebunt ibi remanere.

King and Queen therefore will not dare to remain there tomorrow.

4. Mores Graecorum non errant sine culpis vitiisque.

The custom of Greek was not without blame and fault.

5. Quando homines satis virtutis habebunt?

When human beings will have enough virtue?

6. Corpora vestra sunt sana et animi sunt pleni sapientiae.

Your bodies are healthy and the spirits (souls) are full of wisdom.

7. Propter mores humanos pacem veram non habebimus.

Because of custom of humen, we will not have true peace.

8. Poteritne civitas percula temporum nostrorum superare?

Will you overcome the citydangerous of our time?

9. Post bellum multos libros de pace et remediis belli videbant.

After the war, they were looking for many books about peace and cure of war.

10. Officia sapientiamque oculis animi possumus videre.

We are able to see the duty and wisdom by the eyes of spirit.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Homo sum.

I am human. (廢話..)

2. Nihil sub sole novum.

Nothing is new under the sun.

3. Carmina nova de adulescentia virginibus puerisque nunc canto.

Now I sing the new song to younth virgins and boys.

4. Laudas fortunam et mores antiquae plebis.

You praise the fortune and custom of ancient common people.

5. Boni propter amorem virtutis peccare oderunt.

Good men hate to sin because of worth love.

6. Sub principe duro temporibusque malis audes esse bonus.

Under the hard chief and evil time, you dare to be good.

7. Populus stultus viris indignis honores saepe dat.

The follish people always give the hor to the unworthy men.

8. Nomina stultorum in parietibus et portis semper videmus.

We often see the name of foolish (people) in the wall of a building and gate.

9. Otium sine litteris mors est.

The death is peace without letter.

10. Multae nations servitutem tolerare possunt; nostra civitas non potest. Praeclara est recuperation libertatis.

Many nations are able to bear the servitude (奴隸制度); our state is not able. Noble is recovery of freedom.

11. Nihil sine magno labore vita mortalibus dat.

The life gives nothing without great work to a mortal.

12. Quomodo in perpetua pace salvi et liberi esse poterimus?

How will we able to be safe and free in continuous peace? (覺得這句話莫名的有哲理...)

13. Gloria in altissimis Deo et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis.

Glory for God is the highest and peace for humans in earth is good will.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tarquinius Superbus erat rex Romanorum, et Sextus Tarquinius erat filius malus tyranni. Sextus Lucretiam, uxorem Collatini, rapuit, et femina bona, propter magnum amorem virtutis, se necavit. Romani antique virtutem animosque Lucretiae semper laudabant et Tarquinios culpabant.

Tarquinius Superbus was Roman king, and Sectus Tarwuinius was the evil son of the tyrant. Sextus raped Lucretiam, wife of Collatini and good woman, because of great loive of virtue, she kills herself. Ancient Romans were often praising worth and spirit of Lucretiae and were blaming (worth and spirit) to Tarquinios.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Corneliom*, viro magnae sapientiae, dabo pulchrum librum novum. Corneli, mi amice, libros meos semper laudabas, et es magister doctus litterarum! Quare habe novum laborem meum: fama libri (et tus fama) erit perpetua.

I will give beautiful new book to Cornelio, the man of great wisdom. Corneli, my friend, you were often praising my books and you are learned master of literature! When you have my new books: the fame of book (and your fame) will be continuous.

*Corneliom這邊是dative, 主要動詞是後面的dabo (I will give)

資料來源: Wheelock, Frederic M. Wheelock's Latin. 6th edition, revised